Vice Chairman & Head - Ortho Spine, MIS & Robotic Spine Surgery, BLK-Max Super Speciality Hospital, New Delhi
Part 7 of 10 in Indications for Spine Surgery & Advances for Safer Outcomes
Loose Screws and a Cord That Was Swelling Somewhere Else Entirely
August 27, 2026
Revision patients now make up a growing share of Dr. Puneet Girdhar's practice, and this case shows why the presenting symptom and the actual lesion can sit far apart on the spine.
Signs pointing away from the original surgery
The patient had a prior fixation from L2 to S1 and presented with upper motor neuron signs and progressive paraparesis, which she had been attributing to her original lumbar surgery. Girdhar's caution to the audience on this point was direct: upper motor neuron signs point higher up the spinal cord, not to a lumbar level, and should never be neglected on that assumption.
Finding cord edema at D11-12
Workup located swelling of the cord between D11 and D12, well above the previous fixation. On exploring, the team found the upper two screws of the old L2-S1 construct had loosened, and ossified ligamentum flavum, referred to in the talk as yellow ligament syndrome, was compressing the cord at that level.
Extending the fixation upward
Girdhar extended the construct above the loose screws and performed a two-level decompression at D10-11 and D11-12 to remove the ossified ligament. The patient, previously wheelchair-bound with paraparesis, was walking again within four to five days and regained neurological function quickly.
This guide is based on a live Jivo Masterclass — Dr. Puneet Girdhar taught doctors across Africa on March 15, 2026.
FROM THE LIVE Q&A
Dr. Stephen Kopay (Cameroon)
Closing thought on the session
Dr. Puneet Girdhar
Thank you for a very impressive, interesting presentation.
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Frequently Asked Questions
Closing thought on the session▼
Today it seems we were not leaving any stone unturned, so detailed.
How will the Jivo Connect Clinic work on an ongoing basis?▼
We are regularizing the Connect Clinic for monthly consultations, and this month's slot is March 23. Doctors should identify relevant patients and share their reports by March 21 so Dr. Girdhar's team has time to review them in advance and we can communicate a consultation slot. The referring doctor should be present so the patient gets a joint consultation from both of them.
What does follow-up look like once a patient returns home after surgery in India?▼
It is a matter of trust for a patient to travel from Africa to India. Being honest and ethical is paramount, as is close follow-up once they return home. It is not just one surgery, it is an entire program of rehabilitation. I talk to my patients before surgery and after, and I do five to six video connects a day with patients all over the world.
What is the selection criteria for doctors in our network who want to join your fellowship or observership program?▼
Practically there is no selection criteria for an observer. At best we make you scrub and observe. You cannot participate in performing the procedure, but it is a great experience today, and we can accommodate visitors for one week up to eight to ten weeks. The only credential we can offer is a certificate from our own hospital, signed by myself and our management. The accredited route is a two-year National Board program for postgraduates who clear a super-specialty entrance exam, and the Spine Society of Delhi and Spine Society of India also run fellowships of one to three months, with one running a full year, but none of these are currently available to overseas trainees or visiting surgeons.
Does an observership need to be limited to specialists, or can general practitioners take part, and who benefits most?▼
Anybody can come in. It depends on their interest, whether they are doctors, paramedics, or even technicians who want to learn how the equipment is used more efficiently. Any doctor with an outdoor or clinic practice where spine patients come through is welcome. Until you have seen a technique, it is very difficult to fathom in your head and convince your patient that it will help them. Visitors typically stay for a few weeks to a few months. A fellow from Nepal, already a practicing surgeon at a National Trauma Hospital, recently observed 25 surgeries in a single week, including robotic spinal deformity correction, endoscopic cases, and minimally invasive TLIF for listhesis.
Why did the patient's upper motor neuron signs point away from her original lumbar surgery?▼
Upper motor neuron signs point higher up the spinal cord, not to a lumbar level, and should never be neglected on that assumption.
Where was the cord swelling located relative to her previous fixation?▼
Between D11 and D12, well above the previous L2-S1 fixation.
What two problems were found when the team explored the previous construct?▼
The upper two screws of the old L2-S1 construct had loosened, and ossified ligamentum flavum, referred to as yellow ligament syndrome, was compressing the cord at that level.
How did Girdhar correct the problem surgically?▼
He extended the construct above the loose screws and performed a two-level decompression at D10-11 and D11-12 to remove the ossified ligament.
How quickly did the patient regain function after the revision?▼
She had been wheelchair-bound with paraparesis before surgery and was walking again within four to five days.
In This Series: Indications for Spine Surgery & Advances for Safer Outcomes
- 1.Indications for Spine Surgery
- 2.The Three-Tier Referral System: When Back and Neck Pain Needs a Spine Surgeon
- 3.Cauda Equina Syndrome and the Spine Emergencies That Cannot Wait
- 4.A Case Worked Through by Phone: Decompression or Fusion for a Kenyan Patient
- 5.Minimally Invasive Reduction for Spondylolisthesis: Two Cases From the Same Month
- 6.A Fusion Mass at Twenty-Four: Revising a Childhood Scoliosis Correction That Stopped Short
- 7.Loose Screws and a Cord That Was Swelling Somewhere Else Entirely
- 8.When Cement Alone Is Not Enough for a Fractured Vertebra
- 9.Training the Next Generation: Inside a Two-Year Spine Fellowship and Its Observership Track
- 10.Cross-Border Spine Care: Inside the Jivo Connect Clinic Model