Director, Thoracic Surgery, Max Healthcare (Saket, Gurugram)
Part 5 of 9 in Thoracic Surgery: Basics to Robotics
Robotic Treatment of Hyperhidrosis, Including Nerve Reconstruction for Prior Surgery
August 24, 2025
Hyperhidrosis affects 2-4% of the population worldwide and causes genuine suffering that is often poorly understood by others. Surgery should never be the first option: it is reserved for high-grade cases, hands that are literally dripping, only after oral medication, local treatment, creams and Botox have all been tried, since every surgical approach carries some trade-off between dry hands and possible side effects.
Why older sympathectomy techniques caused problems
Traditional endoscopic thoracic sympathectomy (ETS), done without precise ganglion identification, can cause severe compensatory sweating on the back, chest and feet, gustatory sweating (facial flushing when eating spicy food), and even thermoregulatory or mild cognitive symptoms, most often because the sympathetic chain is divided at too high a level due to anatomical variation or imprecise identification. Dr. Khandelwal now performs a combination of ganglionectomy and ramicotomy using robotic assistance, since the ganglia are very difficult to identify accurately by standard VATS, and specifically targets the chain near the third ganglion, which has produced good results with meaningfully fewer side effects.
Reversing side effects with robotic nerve reconstruction
For patients who developed disabling side effects after ETS performed elsewhere, robotic sympathetic nerve reconstruction is now possible: using the patient's own intercostal nerve, the proximal and distal cut ends of the sympathetic chain are identified and reconnected with interrupted 8-0 nylon sutures, a level of precision only achievable with robotic assistance. Patients have reported significant quality-of-life improvement around eight to nine months after this reconstruction, a real fix for what was previously considered a permanent complication.
This article is based on a Jivo Masterclass session conducted by Dr. Shaiwal Khandelwal, Director, Thoracic Surgery, Max Healthcare. The article has been summarised with the assistance of an AI tool from the original masterclass recording. Watch the full Masterclass recording
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This guide is based on a live Jivo Masterclass — Dr. Shaiwal Khandelwal taught doctors across Africa on August 24, 2025.
FROM THE LIVE Q&A
Host (Varun, Jivo Healthcare)
For doctors practising in resource-constrained settings, what is the trigger or the symptom threshold that should tell them a case is complex enough that it may need to be referred abroad, even if they aren't fully sure and want to check first?
Dr. Shaiwal Khandelwal
Technology has made the world smaller, so practically everyone is living next door to expertise now. Any case can be raised by email or WhatsApp, with a response guaranteed within 24 hours, and the case can often be investigated or even treated locally with guidance if the necessary technology and facilities are available there. When the expertise or facilities are genuinely not available locally, the patient can then be brought to India, but sharing the case first, even just to check whether it meets the threshold for referral, is always the right first step.
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Frequently Asked Questions
Would it be possible to run occasional medical camps where you come to Africa and perform specialist surgeries there directly?▼
Surgery isn't just about surgeon skill, it also depends on OT infrastructure and trained technical staff, and not everything required can be exported to run a camp abroad. A more practical model already in use is a structured online OPD: patient details and reports are shared in advance on an agreed schedule, and the African doctor partner, the Jivo team, and the Indian specialist jointly review the case and decide what can be treated locally versus what genuinely needs travel to India, with real patient satisfaction from this approach so far.
Approximately how many thoracic surgery patients from Africa have you treated, given that you practise in New Delhi?▼
A large number of patients from various African countries have been treated, most commonly for bronchiectasis and various tumours of the lung and chest cavity, even without ever having personally visited Africa. For heart transplantation specifically, deceased-donor transplant is not possible for international patients under Indian law, so the more common referral for advanced heart failure from abroad is for an LVAD (left ventricular assist device), which has very good outcomes and has itself reduced overall demand for heart transplant.
What are the success rates of lung transplantation?▼
Deceased-donor lung transplantation is not possible for international patients in India under current law, but in general, outcomes vary significantly by the underlying pathology, results are good for pulmonary hypertension, while outcomes for cystic fibrosis, bronchiectasis and other conditions vary by the individual disease process rather than following one single success rate.
How do you control fibrosis, meaning adhesions in the lung, following resection of empyema, and is lung transplantation possible after pulmonary tuberculosis?▼
After empyema surgery in young patients, both a visceral and parietal decortication are performed, and dense adhesions do form afterward, that is simply the nature of the disease and the aim of surgery is to release the lung and prevent fibrothorax, not to avoid adhesions altogether. Lung transplantation after pulmonary tuberculosis is very challenging, particularly if the patient has already developed fibrothorax; a unilateral transplant may be possible in some cases, but it depends entirely on the individual patient and no generalised statement can be made. Deceased-donor lung transplant is also not available to international patients under Indian law, which permits only living donors.
How do you avoid the laryngeal nerves while operating in the thoracic region using robotic tools, and is the robot able to resect tumours completely when they are closely related to sensitive areas like the laryngeal nerves?▼
The robotic platform's vision is excellent, so nerves that are difficult to identify by standard VATS are very clearly seen with the robotic system, and it also allows much finer dissection. These sensitive structures are therefore better identified and better protected specifically because of the robotic system's magnified 3D vision and precise instrument control.
Who is a candidate for hyperhidrosis surgery?▼
Only patients with high-grade hyperhidrosis, where the hands are literally dripping, after all non-surgical options, oral medication, local treatment, creams and Botox, have been tried and failed. It should never be offered as a first-line treatment.
Can the side effects of a previous sympathectomy be reversed?▼
Yes, through robotic sympathetic nerve reconstruction, using the patient's own intercostal nerve to reconnect the cut ends of the sympathetic chain with interrupted sutures. Patients have reported significant quality-of-life improvement roughly eight to nine months after the procedure.
In This Series: Thoracic Surgery: Basics to Robotics
- 1.Thoracic Surgery: Basics to Robotics, A Complete Guide
- 2.Empyema and Pneumothorax Surgery: Decortication and Modern Technique
- 3.Lung Cancer Surgery: VATS, Robotics and Lung-Preserving Technique
- 4.Diagnosing and Treating Mediastinal Masses: EBUS, Mediastinoscopy and Thymectomy
- 5.Robotic Treatment of Hyperhidrosis, Including Nerve Reconstruction for Prior Surgery
- 6.Chest Wall Tumours, Reconstruction and Deformities: A Minimally Invasive Approach
- 7.Thoracic Emergencies: Chylothorax with ICG Guidance and Boerhaave Syndrome
- 8.Lung Transplantation for International Patients: Legal Limits and What's Next
- 9.Cross-Border Thoracic Care: The Referral Pathway and Online OPD Model